Discuss about Essential Computer Hardware - processing Devices - Memory Devices - input/output Devices.

Semester :-1

Unit:-1

Discuss about Essential Computer Hardware - processing Devices - Memory Devices - input/output Devices.
Ans: 
        Any type of computer system contains four types of hardware, they are

• Processor 
• Memory 
• Input and output 
• Storage

1. Processor : the processor is like the brain of the computer, it organizes and carries out instructions that come from either the user or the software. In a personal computer the processor usually consists of one or more specialized chips, called microprocessors, which are silvers of silicon or other material etch with many tiny electronic circuits. To process data or complete an instruction from a user or a program  the computer passes electricity through the circuits.
2. Memory : Memory is an internal storage area in the computer, which is used to store data and programs either temporarily or permanently. Computer memory can be broadly divided into two groups - primary memory and secondary memory.
3. Input and output : input devices accept data and instructions from the user or from another computer system. Output devices return processed data to the user or to another computer system. The input devices work with personal computers are :

1. The keyboard is the most common input device which is used accepts letters, numbers, and commands from the user. 
2. The mouse, which is used to selection options on the computer screen 
3. The trackball and TouchPad are variations of the mouse and enable you to draw or point on the screen 
4. The joystick is a rotating lever mounted on a motionless best that is well suited for playing video games
5. A scanner can copy a printed page of text or a graphic into the computer's memory 
6. A digital camera can record still images, which you can view and edit on the computer 
7. A microphone enables you to input your voice or music as data into computer 
8. The most common output devices are the monitor and the printer 
9. The speakers or headphone are another kind of output Device which produce sound 
10. A touch screen is an i/o device I. E it acts are input and output device
11. Communication devices are the most common type of device that can perform both input and output Examples : Modems, Network Interface Cards (NICs). 

4. Storage : The Computer primary memories are volatile/temporary. That's way a Computer also needs a place to keep program files and related data permanently when they are not in use, ever when the computer is turned off. There are two main types of computer storage : magnetic and optical.

1. Data storage is a critical component of any computer system. Magnetic storage is one of the most affordable ways to store large amounts of data and has been implemented using magnetic tape, floppy disks and hard disk drives
2. Optical storage devices are any storage methods that use a laser to store and retrieve data from optical media.  Optical storage media includes CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, DVD-RAM, WORM cartridges, erasable optical cartridges and removable mass storage media, which includes flash drives and removable disk, or RDX. 

Discuss about the parts of a Computer system Hardware, Software, Data and Users.

Semester :-1

Unit:-1

Discuss about the parts of a Computer system Hardware, Software, Data and Users.
Ans:- 
         Computer come in many varieties, from the tiny computers to the supercomputers. But no matter how big it is or how it is used every computer is part of a system. A Complete computer system consists of four parts :

• Hardware 
• Software 
• Data 
• User

Hardware : the mechanical devices that make up the computer are called hardware. Hardware is any part of the computer you can touch. A computer hardware consists of interconnected electronic devices that you can use to control the computer operation input and output.
Software : software is a set of instructions that makes the computer perform tasks. In other words software tell the computer what to do. Some programs exist primarily for the computer use to help it perform tasks and manage its own resources. 
DATA : Data consist of individual facts or pieces of information that by themselves may not make much sense to a person. A Computer's primary job is to process these tiny pieces of data in various ways, converting them into useful information.
Users : A user is a person who uses a computer or network service. Users generally use a system or a software product without the technical expertise required to fully understand it. Power users use advanced features of programs, through they are not necessary capable of computer programming and system administration. A user often has a "user account" and is identified to the system by a "username" 

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Discuss about Computers for Individual Users.

Semester :-1

Unit:-1

Discuss about Computers for Individual Users.

Ans:-

          Most Computers are meant to be used by only one person at a time. Such Computers are often shared by several people. But only one user can work with the machine at any given moment. The five primary type of Computers in this category are 

Computers for Individual Users

• Desktop computers
• Workstations
• Laptops
• Network Computers
• Hand held Devices

Desktop computers:-

                                      A desktop computers is the most popular model of PCs. The system unit of the desktop PC can be placed flat on a desk or table. It is widely used in homes and offices.

Workstations:-

                           A workstation is a specialized, single user computer that typically has more powerful than a standard desktop PC. These machines are popular among scientist, engineering's and animators who need a system with greater than average speed and the power to perform sophisticated tasks. Workstations often have large, high resolution monitors and accelerated graphics handling capabilities, making them suitable for advanced architectural or engineering design, modeling, animation and video editing.

Laptops:-

                 Laptops are very handy and can easily carried from one place to another. They m hiay also be placed on the user's lap. Hence, laptops are very useful, especially when going on long journeys.

Laptops operate on a special battery and do not always have to be plugged in like desktop computers. The memory and storage capacity of a laptop is almost equivalent to that of a desktop computers. As with desktop computers, laptops also have a screen, keyboard and a trackpad or trackball, which serves as the mouse. These computer are very popular among business travelers.

Network Computers:-

                                       A Computers With minimal Memory, disk storage and processor power designed to connect to a network, especially the Internet. The idea behind network Computers is that many users who are connected to a network don't need all the computer power they get from a typical personal computer. Instead they can rely on the power of the network servers.

Hand Held Computer:-

                                         Handheld personal Computers are computing devices small enough to fit in your hand. Some examples of handheld computers are:

• Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
• Cellular phones
• H/PC pro Device.

A popular type of handheld computer is the personal Digital Assistant PDA, A PDA is no longer then a small appointment book and is normally used for special applications, such as taking notes, displaying telephones numbers and addresses, and keeping track of dates or agendas.

Cellular phones are web enabled telephones that have features of both analogue and digital devices. Such phones are also known as smart phones. Because, in addition to basic phone capabilities, they also support access the internet and send emails and faxes.

H/PC pro Devices is the new development in handheld technology. The size and features of the H/PC pro Device is more than PDAs but less than that of typical notbook PCs. The H/PC pro Device includes a full sized keyboard, RAM with very low storage capacity, and a slow speed processor these Devices do not have a secondary storage disk.