Discuss about Essential Computer Hardware - processing Devices - Memory Devices - input/output Devices.

Semester :-1

Unit:-1

Discuss about Essential Computer Hardware - processing Devices - Memory Devices - input/output Devices.
Ans: 
        Any type of computer system contains four types of hardware, they are

• Processor 
• Memory 
• Input and output 
• Storage

1. Processor : the processor is like the brain of the computer, it organizes and carries out instructions that come from either the user or the software. In a personal computer the processor usually consists of one or more specialized chips, called microprocessors, which are silvers of silicon or other material etch with many tiny electronic circuits. To process data or complete an instruction from a user or a program  the computer passes electricity through the circuits.
2. Memory : Memory is an internal storage area in the computer, which is used to store data and programs either temporarily or permanently. Computer memory can be broadly divided into two groups - primary memory and secondary memory.
3. Input and output : input devices accept data and instructions from the user or from another computer system. Output devices return processed data to the user or to another computer system. The input devices work with personal computers are :

1. The keyboard is the most common input device which is used accepts letters, numbers, and commands from the user. 
2. The mouse, which is used to selection options on the computer screen 
3. The trackball and TouchPad are variations of the mouse and enable you to draw or point on the screen 
4. The joystick is a rotating lever mounted on a motionless best that is well suited for playing video games
5. A scanner can copy a printed page of text or a graphic into the computer's memory 
6. A digital camera can record still images, which you can view and edit on the computer 
7. A microphone enables you to input your voice or music as data into computer 
8. The most common output devices are the monitor and the printer 
9. The speakers or headphone are another kind of output Device which produce sound 
10. A touch screen is an i/o device I. E it acts are input and output device
11. Communication devices are the most common type of device that can perform both input and output Examples : Modems, Network Interface Cards (NICs). 

4. Storage : The Computer primary memories are volatile/temporary. That's way a Computer also needs a place to keep program files and related data permanently when they are not in use, ever when the computer is turned off. There are two main types of computer storage : magnetic and optical.

1. Data storage is a critical component of any computer system. Magnetic storage is one of the most affordable ways to store large amounts of data and has been implemented using magnetic tape, floppy disks and hard disk drives
2. Optical storage devices are any storage methods that use a laser to store and retrieve data from optical media.  Optical storage media includes CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, DVD-RAM, WORM cartridges, erasable optical cartridges and removable mass storage media, which includes flash drives and removable disk, or RDX.